LOCO SHED GOMOH

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere grateful and profound gratitude to LOCO SHED ,GOMOH for providing an opportunity to undergo Vocational Training of 04 weeks in “ELECTRIC LOCO SHED, Gomoh, Jharkhand’’. I bear immense pleasure in expressing my gratitude and thanks to all the Employees of respective shops for their honest teaching, practical demonstration, guidance and suggestion in respective sections. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of staffs, who gave us the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials during our training period. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Locomotives 3. Syntaxs used in Loco 4. Components of Loco 5. Different Sections of Loco 6. Brake Rigging 7. Pantograph 8. Traction Converter 9. Working of Loco 10. Conclusion INTRODUCTION  The ISO-9001-2008 certified Electric Loco Shed, East Central Railway, Gomoh situated in Gomoh. ELECT...
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Basic meterial used in civil engineering

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  Some meterial used in civil engineering.

1.> Sand
2.> Cement
3.> Bricks --> (1.) Normal (2.) Refractory.
4.> Tiles
5.> Aggregate  (stone)
6.> Lime
7.> Teracoat.
8.> Mortar.
9.> Concrete
10.> Paint and varneshes.
* Sand:-->  sand is a granular material composed of finally divided rock's and minarals particles. It is defined by size being then silt. The composing of sand varies as depandeds upon the local sose of rock's and condition but must common constituent . Is  sio 2 (silicon dioxide) and calcium carbonate (caco 3). The best type of sand is found in river and nalas.
* Cement:-->
 A cement is used for construction that sets. Hardness and adhesive to the other material together. Cements is generally used for prinding sand . Aggregate and rain forcement with suitable intialntial and final setting time.
1.> 33 grade. -------|
2.> 43 grade.         | PCC--> Compressible
3.> 53 grade.         | RCC--> Tensile
                       --------| --> silica & aluminium present up to 90%
Types of cement:- 
 1.> (OPC) -> ordanery Portland cement.
 2.> (RHC) -> Rapid Hardly cement
 3.> (PC) --> pozzo- lana cement
 4.> (LHC) --> low heat cement
 5.> (WC) --> white cement
 6.> (BFC)--> Blast furnace cement
 7.> (HAC)--> High alluminium cement
* Ingredient of cement:-
• Lime - 60--  65%
• Silica- 17-- 22%
• Alluminium - 36-- 8%
• Magnesia- 1-- 3%
• Alkalies - Less than 1%
* Bricks:- It is a small rectangular black can be use for component like  walls, floor pavement road, and other places. It is mostly used for mechonary structure ( Bricks- 19×9×9 cm) bricks where formed by hand moulding of machine moulding through which clay mud is prepared. Which wooden from then it is dry in the sun light. After some days when it is completely dried then it is ready for burn about 1000°c to 1200°c 
through Kilm and clamp the bricks are good for comprehensive loads after complet compreasive load.
* Bricks of composition of good bricks:-
1.> Silica- 50-- 60% 
2.> Aluminium- 20- 30%
3.> Lime- 2--5%
4.> Iron oxide- 8%
5.> Magnesia- 5%
6.> Alkalies- less than 1.5% 
* Types of bricks:-
1.> First class - uniform radius in color, shap & size & water
2.> Second class- 22% water absorption
3.> Third class - 25% water absorption.
* Concrete:- It is the mixture of cement, sand, and agregate and the material found is called concrete it very hard after final setting and it is capable of with sand high Compressible load and used as PCC ( plan cement concrete) structure this is material is weak in the concrete  represented as a grade that i.e M the base 10  hence represent and the number represent characteristics load in newton / mn^2
M the base 10
   1(cement)   :    3(sand)   :    6 (agregate)
Like- M the base 7 to M the base 80
*  Lime:- it is produced by direct calculation of lime stone and it's used as a binding materials from ancient time to joint  stone and bricks together.
                                   It is also used for wall plasting and decorating for shining wall. to provide on the walls --> (cao) - Dry, va(oh)the base 2 --> lime(water mixing)
* Tiles:- Tiles are object it is usually sq or rectangular in shape. This is manufactured in a piece of hard material such as stone, clay, ceramic and lime. It is generally use for covering the flor it is hard enough to Compressible load.
* Pant and vernises:-
*Pant:- It is use for corrosion free object
--> It is uses for decoration of windows,  ply, Door etc.
--> pant have also to many types like asian paint etc.
--> It is very useful for protecting from environmental attack.
--> It is applied too layer like thinner.
* Vernises:- vernises as a little  or no colour and has a no added pigment as opposed to paint or wood & tain which contain pigments.
Vernises are generally used for applying on the surface of wooden material to prevent then from the environmental moisture that is attacked by the wooden substance.
• paint is generally use for - metal paint.
• vernish is generally use for - wooden.
* Characteristics of good Timber:- 
Following are the characteristics of good quality timber is given below:-
1.>  Hardness                  9.> Shape and weigh
2.>  strength                    10.> Work ability
3.>  Toughness
4.>  Elasticity
5.> Qurabirity
6.> Defect less
7.> Good fibre and structure
8.> Apperance and colour.
Strength= load per unit.
0= p/A
• Homogeneous- equal property at every point.
• Isotropic- Equal property at every point.
• Isotropic- Equal property at every direction. 
Thank you. 
 Written by. Abhishek Singh (E.E)

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